Table 2 Capacities of reported LDHs or CLDHs and common sorbents towards sulfonated dyes compared with CLDH22

LDH

Ni/Mg/Al/urea

1:1:1:6

(sulfate/nitrates/urea)

SO₄²⁻/NO₃⁻

180^b

Congo Red

2.5

286.5

[10]

CLDH

Ni/Mg/Al/urea

1:1:1:6

(sulfate/nitrates/urea)

–

600

Congo Red

2.5

1247

[10]

LDH

Co/Fe

2:1,3:1,4:1

(nitrates)

NO₃⁻

65^b

Methyl Orange

2

76.5–135

[11]

LDH

Mg/Al

2:1

(nitrates)

CO₃²⁻

100^b

Acid Red 27

9

74.4

[12]

LDH

Mg/Al-HEAA

1–3

(nitrates)

C₂H₃O₂⁻

100^b

Direct Red 23

9

420

[12]

LDH

Mg/Al

2:1

(nitrates)

CO₃²⁻

80^b

Reactive Red

Congo Red

Acid Red 1

1

95.0

37.2

127

[13]

LDH

Zn/Y-DS

6:1

(chlorides)

C₂H₃O₂⁻

–

Congo Red

0.75

96.0

[14]

LDH

Mg/Al

2:1

(nitrates)

CO₃²⁻

200^b

Methyl Orange

–

120

[15]

CLDH

Mg/Fe

2:1

(−)

–

500

Methyl Orange

0.5

160

[16]

LDH

Au/Pd/Ni/Fe

1:1:3:1|

(nitrates)

CO₃²⁻

105

Orange II

1

64.0

[17]

CLDH10

Mg/Zn/Al

3.67:0.26: 1

(chlorides)

–

450

Isolan Dark Blue 2SGL-01

6

48.7

[18]

LDH20

Mg/Zn/Al

2.67:0.54:1

(chlorides)

CO₃²⁻/Cl⁻

80^b

Isolan Dark Blue 2SGL-01

6

11.0

[18]

LDH

Ni/Fe

3:1

(nitrates-sulfate)

NO₃⁻/SO₄²⁻

180^b

Congo red

4

29.4

[27]

CLDH

Ni/Fe

3:1

(nitrates-sulfate)

–

400

Congo red

4

47.4

[27]

ZnO–clay alginate beads

ZnO:C₆H₉NaO₇

1.3:1

–

40 ^b

Congo red

2

78.5

[28]

Lemon citrus peel active carbon

Lemon citrus peels: H₃PO₄

–

500

Rhodamine B

Erythrosine B

–

53.0

33.6

[29]

CLDH22

Mg/Zn/Al/Fe

2.30:0.56:0.74:0.26

(chlorides)

–

530

Isolan Dark Blue 2SGL-01

3

530

Present work