Combination of rGO/S, N/TiO2 for the enhancement of visible light-driven toluene photocatalytic degradation

Table 1 XRD, Raman, and BET analyses results for the characterization of crystal, bandgap, and pores

Sample	XRD						Raman					BET
	Crystal phase	Particle size	Crystallite size	Lattice parameter			Absorbance Spectra		Reflectance Spectra		I_D/I_G	Surface area (m² g^− 1)	Pore volume (cm³ g^− 1)^a	Pore size (nm)^b
	Anatase (%)	D (nm)	d (nm)	a (Å)	c (Å)	c/a	Band gap (eV)	Band edge wavelength (nm)	Band gap (eV)	Band edge wavelength (nm)	I_D/I_G	Surface area (m² g^− 1)	Pore volume (cm³ g^− 1)^a	Pore size (nm)^b
TiO₂	100	10.45	0.3494	3.771	9.373	2.486	3.19	389	2.55	486	N.D.	155	0.297	7.64
S_0.05N_0.1TiO₂	100	10.47	0.3498	3.776	9.374	2.483	3.06	405	2.54	488	N.D.	169	0.283	6.68
0.01wt%rGO/ S_0.05N_0.1TiO₂	100	10.60	0.3498	3.778	9.437	2.498	3.03	410	2.53	490	N.D.	149	0.288	7.73
0.1wt%rGO/ S_0.05N_0.1TiO₂	100	10.55	0.3494	3.779	9.431	2.495	2.95	420	2.52	492	N.D.	162	0.297	7.35
0.5wt%rGO/ S_0.05N_0.1TiO₂	100	10.11	0.3502	3.780	9.410	2.489	2.76	450	2.51	494	1.16	161	0.289	7.19
1wt%rGO/ S_0.05N_0.1TiO₂	100	11.11	0.3490	3.773	9.388	2.488	2.73	455	2.50	496	1.43	143	0.276	7.70

^a Total pore volume of pores at P/Po = 0.99 for single point adsorption; ^b Average pore width (4 V/A by BET)
N.D: not detected

ISSN: 2468-2039