Fig. 4
From: A review on chemical precipitation in carbon capture, utilization and storage
a Flow diagram of the chilled-ammonia process involving the precipitation process. b Estimated energy penalty of chilled-ammonia process excluding precipitation (L-CAP) and involving precipitation (CSF-CAP) (Reproduced from [36] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry). c Crystal growth rate and d dissolution rate of ammonium bicarbonate at different concentration of ammonia (Reproduced with permission from [37]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society)