Optimization of metal dopant effect on ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced visible LED photocatalytic degradation of citalopram: comparative study and application to pharmaceutical cleaning validation

Table 3 Summary of system suitability and validation parameters for the developed CZE assay

System suitability parameters
Retention time (min)	2.9
Asymmetric factor (T)	0.8
Selectivity (α)	1.2
Resolution (Rs)	4.3
Number of theoretical plates (N)	20,927
Validation parameters
Accuracy (mean ± SD)^a	100.7 ± 1.0
Precision (%RSD)
Repeatability ^b	0.5
Intermediate precision ^c	1.6
Linearity
Regression equation	Y = 1.79 + 6.81
Correlation coefficient (r)	0.9997
Range (µg mL⁻¹)	1–50
LOD (µg mL⁻¹) ^d	0.2
LOQ (µg mL⁻¹) ^e	0.3
Robustness (mean ± SD) ^f	0.8 ± 0.01

^aAverage percentage recovery of nine determinations over three concentration levels
^bThe intraday, average of nine determinations over three concentration levels repeated three times within the same day
^cThe interday, average of nine determinations over three concentration levels repeated three times over three different days
^dLOD determined via calculations, 3.3 (SD of the response/slope)
^eLOQ determined via calculations, 10 (SD of the response/slope)
^fAsymmetric factor: Average of nine determinations over three concentration levels

ISSN: 2468-2039