Table 2 The metallic concentrations (mg m−3) from the off-road vehicles at idling and working conditions
From: Emission characterizations and environmental impacts of off-road vehicles
Vehicles | E1 | B1 | B2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg m−3 | Idling | Working | Idling | Working | Idling | Working |
Zn | ND | 1.10 | ND | 0.97 | 6.88 | 15.5 |
Cd | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Co | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Cr | ND | ND | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.009 | 0.14 |
Cu | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Fe | 0.38 | 0.72 | 1.55 | 5.82 | 3.83 | 5.99 |
Mn | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
Ni | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Pb | ND | ND | 0.06 | 0.21 | ND | 0.11 |
As | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Al | 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.43 | 0.83 | 0.47 | 0.89 |
Total | 0.52 | 2.71 | 2.11 | 7.92 | 11.2 | 22.6 |
W/I | 5.12 | 3.75 | 2.01 | |||