Table 3 The emission factor of gas pollutant and particulate matter from different off-road vehicles during the working

CO

1.9–4.3 (2.7)

3.5–7.4 (5.8)

0.9–3.1 (1.8)

10

NOx

2.2–2.8 (2.5)

6.8–8.8 (7.9)

2.3–8.1 (4.8)

5.0

THC

0.12–0.14 (0.13)

0.19–0.35 (0.28)

1.8–4.5 (2.9)

1.3

TPM

0.64–0.76 (0.70)

0.82–1.00 (0.94)

0.35–0.97 (0.64)

0.1

PM₁₀

0.49–0.60 (0.54)

0.63–0.81 (0.79)

0.28–0.86 (0.53)

Non

PM_2.5

0.14–0.37 (0.32)

0.47–0.53 (0.49)

0.22–0.81 (0.46)

Non