Fig. 5

Effect of sulfate concentration on carbonate removal and crystallization efficiency ([CO32−] = 0.096 M; [Ca2+] = 0.096 M; pH = 10; carbonate surface loading 55.0 kg m− 2 h− 1)
Effect of sulfate concentration on carbonate removal and crystallization efficiency ([CO32−] = 0.096 M; [Ca2+] = 0.096 M; pH = 10; carbonate surface loading 55.0 kg m− 2 h− 1)