Application of fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization technology to carbon sequestration and recovery from flue gas

Table 3 Comparison of carbon sequestration by using precipitant salts

Reactant	Methods	Product	Conditions	Product size	Ref.
Mg²⁺	Fluidized-bed	Granule of MgCO₃	[Mg]₀ = 2046 mg L^− 1, pH = 11.3, Time = 3–5 d	Size > 1 mm	[37]
Mg²⁺	Chemical Precipitation	Sludge of amorphous MgCO₃	[Mg]₀ = 4,800 mg L^− 1, pH 9.0, time = 5 h	-	[38]
Ba²⁺	Chemical Precipitation	Sludge of amorphous BaCO₃	[Ba]₀ = 16,470 mg L^− 1, pH > 10, time = 2 h	Size < 10 μm	[39]
			[Ba]₀ = 5206 mg L^− 1, pH 9.0–10.5, time = 90 min	Size < 200 μm	[40]
			[Ba]₀ = 27,400 mg L^− 1, pH 9.6–12.0, time = 90 min	Size < 3 μm	[41]
Ca²⁺	Expanded granular sludge bed	Granule of CaCO₃	[CO₃]₀ = 1200 mg L^− 1, pH = 10.5, Time = 70 d	Size > 0.5 mm	[42]
	Chemical Precipitation	Sludge of amorphous CaCO₃	[Ca]₀ = 4000–8000 mg L^− 1, pH 10.0, Time = 180 min	Size < 10 μm	[43]
			pH > 10.0, Time = 180 min	Size < 10 μm	[44]
			[Ca]₀ = 72,072 mg L^− 1, pH 12.0, Time = 60 min	Size < 30 μm	[45]
			[Ca]₀ = 2000–4000 mg L^− 1, pH 9.0, Time = 300 min	Size < 5 μm	[46]
	Fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC)	Granule of CaCO₃	[Ca]₀ = 3840 mg L^− 1, pH 10.0, Time = 7 d	Size > 1 mm	This study

ISSN: 2468-2039