Table 1 Comparison of the performance of modified carbon prepared from pyrolysis of agricultural waste materials in removing phenol from wastewater (main literature published in 2022–2024)
From: Enhanced adsorption of phenol using EDTA-4Na- and KOH-modified almond shell biochar
Biomass | Modifier | Qe (mg g−1) | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia mangium | H3PO4 | 54 | 2023 | [12] |
sugarcane bagasse | H2SO4 | 159 | 2022 | [13] |
sugarcane bagasse | HNO3 | 588 | 2023 | [14] |
oak wood | H3PO4 | 250 | 2024 | [15] |
Brazil nutshell | KOH | 69 | 2022 | [16] |
sunflower | CO2, water vapor, C6H12N2 | 190 | 2022 | [17] |
reed stems | FeCl3, ZnCl2 | 63 | 2023 | [18] |
coconut shell carbon | NaOH | 300 | 2022 | [19] |
rice hulls | H3PO4 | 15 | 2022 | [20] |
fox nutshell | H3PO4 | 102 | 2024 | [21] |
coffee grounds | H3PO4 | 24 | 2022 | [22] |
sugarcane bagasse | ZnCl2 | 9 | 2023 | [23] |
wheat straw | HF, CO2 | 471 | 2023 | [24] |
olive pits | ZnCl2 | 120 | 2024 | [25] |
corn straw | KOH | 612 | 2023 | [26] |
oak wood | H3PO4 | 250 | 2023 | [27] |
bamboo | ZnCl2 | 61 | 2023 | [28] |
bamboo | ZnCl2, FeCl3, KOH | 459 | 2023 | [29] |
bamboo | H2O, K2FeO4, CaCO3, NH3 | 212 | 2023 | [30] |
cactus cladode powder | Na3C6H5O7, FeCl3, CH3COONa, (CH2OH)2 | 175 | 2023 | [31] |
groundnut shells | CoCl2, ZnCl2 | 127 | 2024 | [32] |
wheat straw | NH3, HCl | 177 | 2023 | [33] |
Brazil nutshells | KOH | 99 | 2023 | [34] |
palm kernel shells | KOH | 7 | 2023 | [35] |
Hevea brasilliensis seeds | KOH, HCl | 13 | 2023 | [36] |
sugarcane | NaOH | 109 | 2023 | [37] |
sugarcane officinarum | ZnCl2 | 65 | 2023 | [38] |
Eucalyptus saligna sawdust | NiCl2 | 77 | 2024 | [39] |
coconut shell | K2CO3 | 25 | 2024 | [40] |
Camellia oleifera seed hulls | K2CO3 | 300 | 2024 | [41] |
rice hulls | KOH, Na2EDTA | 195 | 2024 | [42] |
sunflower stems | KOH | 333 | 2024 | [43] |